ORIGIN OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a form of energy that can only be appreciated by the effects it produces.

Electricity exists in everything in our body, in the air we breathe, the book we read, objects, etc.

The study of electricity at rest is called "electrostatic" and the study of electricity in motion is called electrodynamics.

CONCEPT

This word derives from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber. Any substance is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY

Thales of Miletus (630-550 BC) was the first, that about 600 BC, knew that amber, when rubbed acquires the power of attraction for some objects.

However, it was the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (374-287 BC) the first, that in a treatise written three centuries later, established that other substances have the same power, thus leaving a record of the first scientific study on electricity.

In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I ordered the Royal Physical William Gilbert (1544-1603) to study the magnets to improve the accuracy of compasses used in navigation, this work being the main basis for defining the fundamentals of Electrostatics and Magnetism .

Gilbert was the first to apply the term electricity from the Greek "elektron = amber.

Gilbert is the unit of measurement of magnetomotive force.

In 1752, Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) demonstrated the electrical nature of lightning.

He developed the theory that electricity is a fluid that exists in this area and its flow is due to excess or lack of it in her. He invented the lightning rod.

In 1780 he invented bifocals.

In 1776, Charles Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806) invented the torsion balance with which accurately measured the force between electric charges and confirmed that the force was proportional to the product of the individual charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them. Coulomb is the unit of measurement of electrical charge.

In 1800, Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) built the first cell and battery Electrostatic capable of producing electrical current. His inspiration came from study by the Italian physicist Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) on nerve-electric currents in frogs' legs.

Galvani proposed the theory of animal electricity, which resented by Volta, who believed that muscle contractions were the result of contact of the two metals with the muscle.

His subsequent research led him to develop a chemical cell capable of producing direct current, was developing and Pila.

Volt is the unit of measure of electric potential (voltage).

From 1801-1815, Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) develops the electrochemical (name given by him), exploring the use of the voltaic pile or battery, and trying to understand how it works.

In 1801, notes the arc and the filament in a battery powered driver.

Between 1806 and 1808 published the results of their research on electrolysis, which achieves the separation of magnesium, barium, strontium, calcium, sodium, potassium and boron.

In 1807 a battery factory with more than 2000 double plates, with which it discovers and shows that chlorine is an element, rather than an acid.

In 1815 he invented the safety lamp for miners.

Without any doubt, the most important discovery I made that same year, when Michael Faraday discovered the boy and takes him as his assistant.

In 1819, Danish scientist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) discovered electromagnetism, when an experiment for students, the compass needle is accidentally placed near a power line energized by a voltaic battery, it moved. This discovery was crucial in the development of electricity, and which highlighted the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Oersted is the unit of measurement of magnetic reluctance.

In 1823, Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836) outlines the principles of electrodynamics, when it comes to the conclusion that the electromotive force is the product of two effects: The electrical voltage and electrical current. Experiment with conductors and determined that these are drawn if the currents flow in the same direction, and repel when flowing against.

Ampere produces an excellent mathematical result of the phenomena studied by Oersted.

Ampere is the unit of measurement of electrical current.

In 1826, German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854) was exactly who made the law of electric currents, defining the exact relationship between the voltage and current. Since then, this law is known as Ohm's law.

Ohm is the unit of measurement of electrical resistance.

R = V / I Ohm = Volt / Amper

In 1831, Michael Faraday (1791-1867) at age 14 working as a bookbinder, which allowed him to take the time to read and develop their interest in physics and chemistry. Despite their low formal training, took a major step in the development of electricity by stating that the magnetism produces electricity through movement.

Farad is the unit of measurement of electrical capacitance.

The voltage induced in the coil that moves in a uniform magnetic field was demonstrated by Faraday, in a device like the one shown.

In 1835, Simulate F.B. Morse (1791-1867), while returning from one of his trips, he conceived the idea of a simple electromagnetic circuit to transmit information, The Telegraph.

In 1835 he built the first telegraph.

In 1837 Henry and partners with Vail to get funding from the U.S. Congress for its development, the attempt fails, goes solo, gaining success in 1843, when Congress will approve the development of a line of 41 miles from Baltimor to the Capitol in Washington DC

Which built in 1844.

In 1840-42, James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) English physicist who discovered the equivalence between mechanical work and calorie intake, and the German scientist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz (1821-1894), who defined the first law of thermodynamics demonstrated electrical circuits to comply with the law of conservation of energy and that electricity was a form of energy.

Additionally, Joule invented electric welding arc and showed that the heat generated by the electric current was proportional to the square of the current.

Joule is the unit of measurement for energy.

In 1845, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) German physicist for 21 years, announced the laws which allow calculation of currents and voltages in electrical networks. Known as Kirchhoff's Laws I and II.

Established techniques for spectral analysis, which determined the composition of the sun.

In 1854, English mathematician William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) (1824-1907) with his work on the theoretical analysis of cable transmission, made possible the development of the transatlantic cable.

In 1851 defined the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

In 1858 he invented the flexible cable.

Kelvin is the unit of absolute temperature measurement.

In 1870, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) English mathematician made the four equations that form the basis of electromagnetic theory. He deduced that light is an electromagnetic wave, and that energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves at the speed of light

Maxwell is the unit of magnetic flux.

In 1879, the English physicist Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) showed that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged atomic particles which the corpuscles called ¨ ¨ and today we know as electrons.

In 1881, Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) yields the first incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized cotton. This filament remained on for 44 hours.

In 1881 developed the bamboo filament with 1.7 lumens per watt. In 1904 the tungsten filament with an efficiency of 7.9 lumens per watt. In 1910 the 100 W lamp with output of 10 lumens per watt.

Today, incandescent tungsten filament 100 W at an efficiency of about 18 lumens per watt. In 1882 Edison installed the first electrical system to sell power for incandescent lighting in the United States for the Pearl Street station in the city of New York.

The CD system was three-wire, 220-110 V with a total power of 30 kw.

In 1884, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1847-1894) demonstrated the validity of Maxwell's equations and rewrite, as it is known today.

In 1888 Hertz was recognized for his work on electromagnetic waves: propagation, polarization and wave reflection.

With Hertz opens the door for the development of radio.

Hertz is the unit of frequency measurement.